关于Python中异常(Exception)的汇总

try:
 <statements> #运行try语句块，并试图捕获异常
except <name1>:
 <statements> #如果name1异常发现，那么执行该语句块。
except (name2, name3):
 <statements> #如果元组内的任意异常发生，那么捕获它
except <name4> as <variable>:
 <statements> #如果name4异常发生，那么进入该语句块，并把异常实例命名为variable
except:
 <statements> #发生了以上所有列出的异常之外的异常
else:
<statements> #如果没有异常发生，那么执行该语句块
finally:
 <statement> #无论是否有异常发生，均会执行该语句块。

try:
 1/0
except Exception as E:
 raise TypeError('bad input') from E

Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "hh.py", line 2, in <module>
 1/0
ZeropisionError: pision by zero

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "hh.py", line 4, in <module>
 raise TypeError('bad input') from E
TypeError: bad input

class Block:
 def __enter__(self):
 print('entering to the block')
 return self
 
 def prt(self, args):
 print('this is the block we do %s' % args)

 def __exit__(self,exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb):
 if exc_type is None:
 print('exit normally without exception')
 else:
 print('found exception: %s, and detailed info is %s' % (exc_type, exc_value))
 return False

with Block() as b:
 b.prt('actual work!')
 raise ValueError('wrong')

entering to the block
this is the block we do actual work!
found exception: <class 'ValueError'>, and detailed info is wrong
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "hh.py", line 18, in <module>
 raise ValueError('wrong')
ValueError: wrong

|Exception Name|Description|
|BaseException|Root class for all exceptions|
| SystemExit|Request termination of Python interpreter|
|KeyboardInterrupt|User interrupted execution (usually by pressing Ctrl+C)|
|Exception|Root class for regular exceptions|
| StopIteration|Iteration has no further values|
| GeneratorExit|Exception sent to generator to tell it to quit|
| SystemExit|Request termination of Python interpreter|
| StandardError|Base class for all standard built-in exceptions|
| ArithmeticError|Base class for all numeric calculation errors|
| FloatingPointError|Error in floating point calculation|
| OverflowError|Calculation exceeded maximum limit for numerical type|
| ZeropisionError|pision (or modulus) by zero error (all numeric types)|
| AssertionError|Failure of assert statement|
| AttributeError|No such object attribute|
| EOFError|End-of-file marker reached without input from built-in|
| EnvironmentError|Base class for operating system environment errors|
| IOError|Failure of input/output operation|
| OSError|Operating system error|
| WindowsError|MS Windows system call failure|
| ImportError|Failure to import module or object|
| KeyboardInterrupt|User interrupted execution (usually by pressing Ctrl+C)|
| LookupError|Base class for invalid data lookup errors|
| IndexError|No such index in sequence|
| KeyError|No such key in mapping|
| MemoryError|Out-of-memory error (non-fatal to Python interpreter)|
| NameError|Undeclared/uninitialized object(non-attribute)|
| UnboundLocalError|Access of an uninitialized local variable|
| ReferenceError|Weak reference tried to access a garbage collected object|
| RuntimeError|Generic default error during execution|
| NotImplementedError|Unimplemented method|
| SyntaxError|Error in Python syntax|
| IndentationError|Improper indentation|
| TabErrorg|Improper mixture of TABs and spaces|
| SystemError|Generic interpreter system error|
| TypeError|Invalid operation for type|
| ValueError|Invalid argument given|
| UnicodeError|Unicode-related error|
| UnicodeDecodeError|Unicode error during decoding|
| UnicodeEncodeError|Unicode error during encoding|
| UnicodeTranslate Error|Unicode error during translation|
| Warning|Root class for all warnings|
| DeprecationWarning|Warning about deprecated features|
| FutureWarning|Warning about constructs that will change semantically in the future|
| OverflowWarning|Old warning for auto-long upgrade|
| PendingDeprecation Warning|Warning about features that will be deprecated in the future|
| RuntimeWarning|Warning about dubious runtime behavior|
| SyntaxWarning|Warning about dubious syntax|
| UserWarning|Warning generated by user code|