对于DML操作来说,索引对于数据库是一个性能负担.如果索引没有被有效的使用,那么其存在性就值得从新考虑.
1. 从Oracle9i开始,Oracle允许你监视索引的使用:
SQL> connect scott/tiger@conner Connected to Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 Connected as scott SQL> select index_name from user_indexes; INDEX_NAME ------------------------------ PK_DEPT PK_EMP 开始监视pk_dept索引: SQL> alter index pk_dept monitoring usage; Index altered 在此过程中,如果查询使用索引,将会记录下来: SQL> select * from dept where deptno=10; DEPTNO DNAME LOC ------ -------------- ------------- 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 停止监视: SQL> alter index pk_dept nomonitoring usage; Index altered 查询索引使用情况,YES表示在监视过程中索引被使用到: SQL> select * from v$object_usage; INDEX_NAME TABLE_NAME MONITORING USED START_MONITORING END_MONITORING ----------------- ------------------ ---------- ---- ------------------- ------------------- PK_DEPT DEPT NO YES 10/28/2004 10:55:19 10/28/2004 10:55:47 SQL> |
2.Oracle9i的Bug
在9205之前,如果你不慎监控了SYS.I_OBJAUTH1索引,并且不幸在重起数据库之前没有停止它,那么你的数据库将会无法启动,并且不会给出任何错误信息。
以下这条简单的语句可以轻易再现这个问题:
'ALTER INDEX SYS.I_OBJAUTH1 MONITORING USAGE'
如果你有了足够好的备份(严重警告,请不要拿你的生产数据库进行测试),你可以尝试一下:
[oracle@jumper oradata]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Dec 4 10:09:30 2004 Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Connected to: SQL> alter index SYS.I_OBJAUTH1 monitoring usage ; Index altered. SQL> shutdown immediate; Total System Global Area 80811208 bytes |
此时,数据库挂起,而且不会有任何提示,在alert
[oracle@jumper bdump]$ tail -f alert_conner.log Completed: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT Sat Dec 4 10:09:49 2004 ALTER DATABASE OPEN Sat Dec 4 10:09:49 2004 LGWR: Primary database is in CLUSTER CONSISTENT mode Thread 1 opened at log sequence 54 Current log# 2 seq# 54 mem# 0: /opt/oracle/oradata/conner/redo02.log Successful open of redo thread 1. Sat Dec 4 10:09:49 2004 SMON: enabling cache recovery Sat Dec 4 10:10:33 2004 Restarting dead background process QMN0 QMN0 started with pid=9 |
然后数据库将会停在此处。如果不知道此bug存在,你可能会一筹莫展的。现在你能做的就是从备份中恢复,或者升级。
[oracle@jumper oradata]$ rm -rf conner [oracle@jumper oradata]$ cp -R connerbak/ conner [oracle@jumper oradata]$ sqlplus '/ as sysdba' SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Dec 4 10:19:07 2004 Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup Total System Global Area 80811208 bytes |
3. 在特殊的情况下,你可能需要清除这个v$object_usage视图中的信息.
Oracle的说法是,在下一次收集该对象的索引使用情况时会自动覆盖上一次的信息,不提供清除手段.稍微研究了一下.
v$object_usage是基于以下基表建立起来的:
create or replace view v$object_usage (index_name, table_name, monitoring, used, start_monitoring, end_monitoring) as select io.name, t.name, decode(bitand(i.flags, 65536), 0, 'NO', 'YES'), decode(bitand(ou.flags, 1), 0, 'NO', 'YES'), ou.start_monitoring, ou.end_monitoring from sys.obj$ io, sys.obj$ t, sys.ind$ i, sys.object_usage ou where io.owner# = userenv('SCHEMAID') and i.obj# = ou.obj# and io.obj# = ou.obj# and t.obj# = i.bo# / |
注意到v$object_usage关键信息来源于OBJECT_USAGE表.另外我们可以注意一下,此处v$object_usage的查询基于userenv('SCHEMAID')建立.所以以不同用户登录,你是无法看到其他用户的索引监视信息的,即使是dba,但是可以从object_usage表中得到.
SQL> select * from v$object_usage; INDEX_NAME TABLE_NAME MON USE START_MONITORING END_MONITORING ------------------------------ ------------------------------ --- --- ------------------- ------------------- PK_DEPT DEPT NO YES 10/28/2004 10:55:19 10/28/2004 10:55:47 SQL> select * from object_usage; select * from object_usage * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist SQL> connect /as sysdba Connected. SQL> / OBJ# FLAGS START_MONITORING END_MONITORING ---------- ---------- ------------------- ------------------- 6288 1 10/28/2004 10:55:19 10/28/2004 10:55:47 |
实际上我们清除了object_usage表的记录,实际上也就清空了v$object_usage的信息.
SQL> delete from object_usage; 1 row deleted. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> select * from v$object_usage; no rows selected |
此操作对数据库没有潜在的影响,但是请谨慎使用.作为实验目的提供.
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